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The objective of the study was to systematize research on research competencies in scientific literature among university students. The methodological design used was a theoretical and systematic review. The search explored four databases following the PRISMA statement (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and SciELO), and 2999 articles were found, of which, after the eligibility criteria, 25 were systematized. The results indicate that we worked with a sample of 6002 students, mostly women, who belonged 56% undergraduate and 24% postgraduate. Similarly, it was observed that about 47% of the students demonstrated a high level of research competencies, while about 50% showed a moderately developed level. It has also been revealed that there are variables related to research skills, such as social factors, digital skills, attitude toward research, motivational factors, and teaching strategies. Based on these findings, three dimensions (cognitive, attitudinal, and technological) were established with their respective indicators for the measurement of these competencies. In this sense, valuable information is provided to improve research training and practice in higher education, highlighting the importance of addressing specific aspects to promote a better development of research skills in students.